In KTUN Indonesia, a State Administrative Decision can be invalidated if issued with authority defects—where agencies or officials act beyond their legal powers. This article explains Government Administrative Law provisions on defect in authority, including a Supreme Court jurisprudence where a governor’s permit revocation was nullified. Understand the legal grounds for challenging such decisions.
This article explains how to enforce international arbitration award in Indonesia, covering legal procedures, required documents, and authentication steps. It highlights the roles of exequatur and Apostille in document validation. A practical reference for legal practitioners and businesses with cross-border disputes.
This article discusses Indonesia’s 2024 land policy reform, focusing on ulayat land rights, two groups of customary communities, land registration on right of management and right of ownership, as well as ulayat land register.
A State Administrative Decision (KTUN) in Indonesia must be a written determination, issued by a State Administrative Body, based on statutory provisions, final and have potential legal consequences. Decisions lacking these elements may not be considered valid KTUNs.
Introduction Contract law governs the legal rules relating to the formation and execution of agreements (Salim, 2019: 3). Essentially, an agreement (contract) is a legal relationship between two or more parties, which grants rights to one party and imposes obligations...
Ministerial Regulation No. 4/2025 replaces the previous Regulation No. 14/2021, introducing major changes to apartment ownership and management. It eliminates the “one owner, one vote” rule, simplifies PPPSRS establishment procedures, and comprehensively regulates aspects previously unaddressed.
Introduction In recent times, the Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia (“BANI”) has published its latest 2025 Arbitration Rules and Procedures (“BANI Rules”). Although the 2025 BANI Rules lacks a release date and does not explicitly specify an official effective date,...
Introduction An individual who promotes and protects human rights related to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is recognized by the United Nations (UN) as an environmental human rights defender ("EHRD").United Nations...
Introduction Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) was first introduced and popularized through the report document titled “Who Cares Wins”, published under the United Nation (UN) Global Compact at the initiative from the UN Secretary General in 2004. This report...