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Legal Aspect of the Grant of Right to Build (“Hak Guna Bangunan/ HGB”) or Right of Use (“Hak Pakai”) Over the Right of Ownership Land

Legal Aspect of the Grant of Right to Build (“Hak Guna Bangunan/ HGB”) or Right of Use (“Hak Pakai”) Over the Right of Ownership Land

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Under Article 35 paragraph (1) of Law Number 5 of 1960 on the Principle Provisions of Agrarian (“Agrarian Law”), it is stated as follows:

“Right to Build is right to establish and to have buildings over land that is not his own, with a maximum period of 30 years.”

Right to build (“HGB”) may be extended with a maximum period of 20 years as a request from right’s holder and bearing in mind the need and state of buildings. Subject who can be the holder of HGB is an Indonesian citizen or legal entity that is established under Indonesian law and domiciled in Indonesia. Legal entity is an institution that is given a status as legal entity, such as the Limited Liability Company, Cooperative, the Association of Unit Owners and Occupants of the Condominium, and the Foundation.

According to the Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 1996 on Right to Cultivate, Right to Build, and Right of Use Over Land (“GR No. 40/1996”), the granting of HGB over a right of ownership is performed by the holder of right of ownership through a deed made by Land Conveyancing Officer (“Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/ PPAT”). The granting of HGB over a Right of Ownership is made by an agreement between the holder of Right of Ownership and the prospective holder of HGB which is stated in the deed that is made by PPAT. The granting of HGB over a right of ownership shall be registered at the Land Office (Kantor Pertanahan). The period of HGB that is issued over the right of ownership is maximum 30 (thirty) years and may be renewed with the new provision of HGB based on the agreement that is implemented on the deed which is made by PPAT and the respective right to build shall be registered in the local land office (kantor pertanahan setempat).

Under Article 41 of Agrarian Law, it is stated as follows:

“Right of Use is the right to use and/or collect the results of the land that is directly controlled by the State or land owned by others, who gives the authority and duties which is specified in the decision by the competent official or in an agreement with the owner of the land, which is not a lease agreement or the agreement to cultivate a land, all things that are not contrary to the spirit and provisions of this law.”

The granting of Right of Use over Right of Ownership is performed by the holder of Right of Ownership through a deed made by Land Conveyancing Officer (“Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/ PPAT”). The granting of right of use over the right of ownership shall be registered on the land book in the Land Office. The right of use over the right of ownership also binds the third party since it is registered. The period of the right of use over the right of ownership is maximum 25 (twenty five) years and it can not be extended. Right of use over the right of ownership may be renewed with the new provision of right of use based on an agreement between the holder of right of use and the holder of right of ownership, as implemented on the deed which is made by PPAT and shall be registered on the local land office.

Alsha Alexandra Kartika

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An Overview on Bankruptcy and Community Property

An Overview on Bankruptcy and Community Property

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Bankruptcy is considered to be a legal process under the United States federal law to help the debt stricken consumers to discharge the debts. Bankruptcy is considered to be the last resort of the debt relief program. However, community property is the marital right bestowed by the state law. There is an intermingling relation between the federal bankruptcy law and state community property law. But some complicated legal issues emerge when the married couples in a community property state plan to file bankruptcy.

Know about community property states:

Each state in the US is required to determine whether to follow community property law. In January 2011, almost nine states are following community property law and it includes Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington and Wisconsin. In Alaska the residents have the option to follow anyone law from community property or common law property.

What are the filing options?

A married couple is eligible to file bankruptcy separately or jointly irrespective of the fact whether the couple belongs to community property states. Both the spouses should file bankruptcy at the same time but they should file separately. The bankruptcy court will not compel the married couple to file jointly but filing separately can leave an effect on community property and community debts.

What is joint filing?

It will be easier to manage the legal issues when the spouses file jointly in a community property state. If a couple file jointly then their debts will be included in the bankruptcy proceeding regardless of the fact that the debts or property are separate or community. When both the spouses file jointly then all marital debts and property will be included.

What is Separate Filing?

A spouse who’s planning to file bankruptcy separately might undergo legal complications. Filing bankruptcy can have an effect on spouse’s separate property and separate debts. If your spouse files separate bankruptcy then it’ll not have an impact on your debt or property if you are a non filer. Therefore, your property will not be exposed to risk of liquidation and your debts will not be discharged as well. In a separate filing, your community property and community debts will be included in bankruptcy although your spouse might not be involved in the filing. Therefore, the community property can be liquidated and all community debts can be discharge.

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Summary of Minister of Public Housing Regulation Number 06/PERMEN/M/2009 on the Delegation Of Authority To Grant Business Licenses On Housing Sector in order to Implement One Door Integrated Service in the Field Of Investment to the Chairman of Capital Investment Coordinating Board (“Regulation No. 6”)

Summary of Minister of Public Housing Regulation Number 06/PERMEN/M/2009 on the Delegation Of Authority To Grant Business Licenses On Housing Sector in order to Implement One Door Integrated Service in the Field Of Investment to the Chairman of Capital Investment Coordinating Board (“Regulation No. 6”)

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Background

The purpose of the issuance of Regulation No. 6 is to implement the provisions of Article 7 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of Presidential Regulation of the Republic Indonesia Number 27 of 2009 on One Stop Integrated Services.

Contents of Regulation No. 06

Government delegates the authority to grant an operating license in housing investments to the Chairman of Capital Investment Coordinating Board with the right of substitution (Article 1 paragraph (1) of Regulation No. 06). The Chairman of Capital Investment Coordinating Board issues business license for and on behalf of the Minister in charge of public housing matter (Article 2 of Regulation No. 06).

The authority that is delegated to the Chairman of Capital Investment Coordinating Board mentioned in Article 1 paragraph (2) of Regulation No. 06 is as follows:

housing business with foreign investment;
Housing business that is within the authority of the government
Under Article 3 of Regulation No. 06, it is regulated that the tasks of the Chairman of Capital Investment Coordinating Board in order to implement the provisions of Article 1 and Article 2 Regulation No. 06 are the following:

Rely on the List Of Closed Business and Opened Business Field with the requirement for capital investment and licensing issued by the Minister in charge of public housing matter;
In the implementation of the grant of license as set out in Article 1 and Article 2, if necessary, for further technical explanation, may contact Echelon I of Ministry of Public Housing;
Submit copy of business license issued to the Minister in charge of public housing matter;
Submit a report at least once a year to the Minister in charge of public housing.

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Verification of Old Rights on Land Registration

Verification of Old Rights on Land Registration

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Article 24 Paragraph (1) of the Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration (“GR No. 24/1997”) regulates that, for purposes of land registration which comes from the conversion of old rights, are proven by the evidence of existence of such rights in the form of written evidence, witness testimony and or the relevant statement that the level of its truth by Adjudication Committee on systematic land registration or by the Chief of the Land Office on sporadic land registration, are considered proper for right registration requirement, right holder and others people’s rights that is attached to them.

The application must be attached with the evidence of ownership/original document proving the existence of the related rights. Those evidences can be in the form of:

1. grosse certificate of eigendom right which is issued under Overschrijvings Ordonatie (S.1834-27), which had been given notes, that the related rights of eigendom was converted into ownership right.

2. grosse certificate of eigendom rights which was issued under Overschrijvings Ordonatie (S.1834-27) since the enactment of Law Number 5 of 1960 on Principle Provisions of Agrarian (“Agrarian Law”) until the date of land registration is conducted based on the Government Regulation Number 10 of 1961 within the respective area; or

3. letter of evidence of ownership right which was issued under the relevant Swapraja (autonomous region) Regulation; or

4. certificate of ownership which was issued by the Regulation of Minister of Agrarian Number 9 of 1959; or

5. certificate of ownership right from the authorized officer, either before or since the enactment of Agrarian Law, which is not followed by the obligation to register the given rights, but it has fulfilled all the obligation which mentioned in it; or

6. the private deed of transfer of rights that was given mark of testimony by Adat Chief/Head of the Village/Kelurahan which was made before this enactment of this Government Regulation (GR No. 24/1997); or

7. deed of transfer of land right which was made by PPAT, of which land has never been recorded; or

8. deed of waqaf oath/letter of waqaf oath which was made before or since the implementation of the Government Regulation Number 28 of 1977; or

9. the minutes of the auction which was made by an authorized Auction Officer, of which land has not been recorded; or

10. the appointment letter or the purchase of land plot for replacement of land that was taken by Government or Local Government; or

11. petuk Tax on land/Landrente, girik, pipil, kekitir and Verponding Indonesia prior to the enactment of Government Regulation Number 10 of 1961; or

12. an information letter of land history which has been made by the Land and Building Tax Service Office; or

13. the other form of any written evidence with any other name as also referred in Article II, VI and VII convertible provisions of Agrarian Law.

If, the written evidence of the land ownership is not complete or no is longer available, the verification of ownership shall be performed with the witness’s testimony or statement considered as reliable in the opinion of Adjudication Committee or the Head of Land Office. What is meant by the witness is a person who is competent to give testimony and knows about that ownership of land.

In the condition of the unavailability of evidence instruments as mentioned above, then Article 24 of paragraph (2) of GR. No. 24/1997, provide a solution by replacing the unavailability of the evidence of land ownership with the evidence of physical control for a period of 20 (twenty) years or more in a row by the applicant and its predecessors, with the following conditions:

a. that the possession and the usage of the related land was conducted explicitly and in a good faith for 20 years or more in a row.

b. that the fact of the possession and the usage of land is so long as there is no claim and, therefore it is considered to be recognized and justified by the relevant adat community or village/kelurahan;

c. that those things are strengthened by the testimony of people who is trustworthy;

d. that it has been given the opportunity for other party to file an objection though the announcement;

e. that has been conducted a research on the truth of the issues as mentioned above;

f. that finally the conclusions on the status of land and its right holder is formulated in a decision of recognition of related right by Adjudication Committee on systematic land registration and by Chief of the Land Office on sporadic land Registration.

The provision of Article 76 paragraph (3) of the Regulations of State Minister of Agrarian/ Head of National Land Board Number 3 of 1997 on the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration (“Regulation of State Minister of Agrarian No. 3/1997”) regulates further about the evidences of the land ownership which is not available, as stated in Article 24 paragraph (2) of GR No. 24/1997.

The application must be submitted with the following attachments:

1.) statement letter from the applicant stating the following matters:

a. that the applicant has clearly possessed the relevant land for 20 years or more in a row, or has obtained its possession from party or others parties which have possessed it, so that the period of applicant and the predecessor possession is totally 20 years or more.

b. that the possession of the land has been conducted in a good faith;

c. that the possession has never been claimed and therefore it considered to be recognized and justified by the related adat community or village/kelurahan;

d. that the current land does not contain matters that do not correspond with reality, the signed statement letter which stated the willingnes to be sued in front of the court by criminal or civil claim if providing false information;

2.) Information letter from the Head of Village/Urban Village (Lurah) which usually known as Letter of Land Information and at least 2 (two) witnesses whose its testimony can be trusted, because of its function as a local traditional elders and/or residents who have lived in a long time in the rural/village where the relevant land located and, has no family relationship with the applicant until the second degree in both vertical and horizontal, which confirms the statement of the applicant in the Letter of Land Information above.

Verification of the old rights is usually conducted by groups of people who have not experienced modern administration and agrarian law. After the evidence of physical possession is attached to the application for land rights, and then conducted an investigation of the land as part of the land registration process, then it will be clear that the rights holders and the land has been registered and the holder of such rights have legal relationship with the land. As proof that the right holder is entitled to his or her land, the National Land Agent will issue a Certificate of Land. With the land registration and the issuance of the Certificate of Land, then legal certainty is achieved.

Sofie Widyana P.

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Government Regulation Number 44 of 1994 on Occupancy of Home by non Owner.

Government Regulation Number 44 of 1994 on Occupancy of Home by non Owner.

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Background

The purpose of the issuance of Government Regulation Number 44 of 1994 on Occupancy of Home by Non-Owner (“GR No. 44/1994”) is made to ensure fairness and legal certainty of the owner, renters/lessee or occupant in the use of the house and to implement the provisions of Article 12 and Article 13 of Law Number 4 of 1992 on Housing and Residential (“Housing and Residential Law”). This Housing and Residential Law is revoked and replaced by Law Number 1 of 2011 on Housing and Residential Area (“Housing and Residential Area Law”). On this day, GR No.44/1994 is still valid and it has revoked the Government Regulation Number 17 of 1963 on the Principles of Implementation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law on Permanent Housing (“GR No. 17/1963”) and Government Regulation Number 49 of 1963 on Relations of Housing Operating Lease (“GR No. 49/1963”) as amended by Government Regulation Number 55 of 1981 (“GR No. 55/1981”) and all their implementing regulations so long they regulate the lease of a house.

Contents of GR No. 44/1994.

House is a building that serves as a residence or dwelling and means of fostering family (Article 1 paragraph (3) No. 44/1994). House can be occupied through lease. Under Article 1 paragraph (3) GR No. 44/1994 it is stated that leasing is a condition where the house is occupied not by the owner based on the lease agreement. Further, leasing is based on a written agreement between the landlord and tenant. It is regulated that a house that is in a dispute shall not be leased (Article 4 paragraph (1) & (3) GR No. 44/1994).

If a house is rented out over the land that is owned by other party, then under Article 4 paragraph (1), the leasing can be performed after obtaining the consent of the owner of the land and the approval must be in writing (Article 5 paragraph (1) & (3) GR No. 44/1994). With regards to the amount of rent fees, Article 17 GR No.44/1994 states that it is based on the agreement between the owner and the tenant.

GR No. 44/1994 also regulates the occupancy of house that is made not through a lease. Under Article 14, Article 15 and Article 16, it is stated that the occupancy of house that is not through a lease must be based on a written agreement between the owner and the tenant.

The GR No. 44/1994 was enacted on the 26 December 1994.

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