Introduction An individual who promotes and protects human rights related to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is recognized by the United Nations (UN) as an environmental human rights defender ("EHRD").United Nations...
Introduction Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) was first introduced and popularized through the report document titled “Who Cares Wins”, published under the United Nation (UN) Global Compact at the initiative from the UN Secretary General in 2004. This report...
Introduction The ratification of the Paris Agreement through Law Number 16 of 2016 on the Ratification of the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change emphasizes Indonesia's commitment to supporting global efforts in addressing the...
Introduction Illegal Mining (PETI) is the activity of producing minerals or coal carried out by the community or companies without having a permit, not using good mining principles, and having negative impacts on the environment, economy, and society.In general, PETI...
Introduction In recent years, Indonesia has experienced significant progress in the industrial sector, positioning itself as one of the rapidly growing developing countries. However, this achievement has undeniably contributed to the global increase in carbon...
Introduction The precautionary principle is one of the principles of protection and management of environment as set forth under the Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of Environment. This principle means that uncertainty regarding the environmental...